Bhutta in 2006, and is being continuously updated with the most current contents and addition of new diagrams and literature.Īll informations are useful for doctors, lab technicians, nurses, and paramedical staff.Īll the tests include details about the sampling, normal values, precautions, pathophysiology, and interpretation. Serial dilution is one of the most commonly used techniques in science. In turn, this migration is influenced by pH and the optimum separation achieved by Buffer at pH 8.6.ĭr. Proteins migrate within the electrical field according to their charge. Gamma-Counter measures the radioactivity in the precipitate.
It depends upon the availability of an antibody that specifically recognizes the analyte.Ī fixed amount of antibodies is added and compete for the analyte, either in the sample or added to the sample in a radiolabeled form (e.g., bound to I 125 ).Īnalyte-antibody complexes form and are precipitated by physicochemical means. Stop the reaction and read by photometer, which will measure absorbance according to the intensity of color, which depends upon the number of antibodies bound to the antigen.
Now add serum of the patient after washing and add enzyme-linked antibody to these wells after incubation, washes the wells. Now add labeled antibody, which will attach with antigen antibody complex, and fluorescence will be seen. The first biopsy (antigen) is treated with an unlabelled antibody, then do the slides washing. Now see under the fluorescent microscope, and in positive cases, fluorescence will be seen. Now add labeled antibody (), and after incubation, wash the slide. If the antibody is not bound to the antigen, then no fluorescence will be seen. Now Ag Ab diffuse out in the gel-medium and give rise to a precipitate line at the zone of equivalence. Three wells are made, where two antigens are placed in two wells, and in the third well, the antibody is added. Now antigen diffuses in the medium and gives rise to a line of visible precipitation by combining Antigen and Antibody where they meet at the zone of equivalence. In this method, the antigen is placed in Gel-plates central well, and antibodies are mixed in the Gel. Importance Of Serial Dilution In Serology Serial Dilution Ofīy fixing the number of antigens and with a serial dilution of serum (Ab), then the antibody can be quantitated. The antibodies giving precipitation are called precipitation.